How to Read a Credit Report When You Are Hiring
A practical guide for employers: when you may run a credit check, what the terms actually mean, and which findings are genuinely relevant to the role.
We run credit checks as part of our screening service, and the question I am asked most often by employers is not how to obtain one. It is what to do with it once they have it.
That question has become much harder to answer since 2020. A great many otherwise excellent, honest people came out of the pandemic years with judgments and defaults on their records. Businesses closed. Salaries were cut. Payment arrangements collapsed. The result is that adverse listings are now common enough that treating any listing as an automatic disqualification would rule out a substantial share of the working population.
First: are you actually allowed to run the check?
This is where most employers go wrong, and it happens before anyone reads a single line of a report.
You may not run a credit check on every candidate as a matter of routine. Regulation 19(12) of the National Credit Regulations restricts access to consumer credit records in the employment context. A credit record may only be accessed where the requestor certifies that the request relates to a position requiring honesty in the handling of cash or finances.
And there is a second requirement that is very frequently missed: before giving that certification, you must have a job description in place which states that the position requires honesty in the handling of cash or finances. The responsibility has to be written into the role, not assumed after the fact.
You also need the candidate’s consent, obtained before the report is requested.
The consequence of getting this wrong is worth understanding clearly. If the role does not genuinely involve handling cash or finances, the candidate’s consent does not make the check lawful. Consent is necessary but it is not sufficient. The National Credit Regulator enforces this provision and can investigate a certification and the job description behind it.
There is a further exposure. Under the Employment Equity Act, a job applicant is treated as an employee for purposes of unfair discrimination claims. A candidate who is rejected on the basis of a credit check that had no bearing on the role has a route to challenge that decision.
Understanding what you are looking at
Assuming you are entitled to the report, the terminology matters, because the various entries sit on very different rungs of seriousness. People use “blacklisted” as though it were one thing. It is not.
Payment profile
The month-by-month record of whether accounts were paid on time. This is the most useful and most overlooked part of the report. It shows behaviour over time rather than a single moment, and it distinguishes a person who hit one bad patch from a person who is consistently unreliable.
Default listing
The credit provider has reported that the account fell significantly behind and reasonable efforts to recover it did not succeed. More serious than arrears, but it is still a report by a creditor rather than a finding by anyone independent.
Handed over
The account has been transferred to a collections agency or attorney. This tells you the account was not resolved and reached the recovery stage. It is a step up in seriousness, but it is still not an adjudicated finding.
Judgment
A court has made an order against the person for the debt. This is the most serious of the ordinary listings, because a court has been involved and the person either did not defend the matter or defended it and lost.
Administration order and debt review
Both indicate formal steps to manage over-indebtedness. Counter-intuitively, these are often positive signals in a screening context. Someone under debt review has acknowledged a problem, submitted to a structured repayment plan and is complying with it. That demonstrates precisely the responsibility you are trying to assess.
Sequestration
Insolvency proceedings. Significant, and worth understanding the circumstances behind — a failed business is a very different story from personal overspending, and for many roles the former is not a concern at all.
A framework for the decision
Rather than a pass mark, work through five questions.
What is the nature of the debt? Is it a clothing account, cell phone bill or micro-loan; or is it a bond or car finance?
How recent is it? A judgment from 2021 with a clean record since then describes someone who went through a hard period and recovered. A pattern of new defaults in the last six months describes current, ongoing pressure. Recency matters far more than volume.
Is there a pattern, or is there an event? One cluster of listings around a single date usually indicates a specific event — a retrenchment, an illness, a divorce, a business failure. Listings spread evenly across five years indicate a habit.
Is the person addressing it? Settled judgments, an active debt review, paid-up defaults, a payment arrangement in place. All of these tell you something meaningful.
Does the risk map to the role? This is the one that should carry the most weight. Someone who is over-indebted and will be handling cash daily, unsupervised, presents a real and specific risk. The same person in a role with no financial exposure presents none at all.
Where employers get it wrong
- Treating any adverse listing as automatic disqualification. Post-2020 this excludes a large share of good candidates and is disproportionate to the actual risk.
- Running checks on roles that do not qualify. Common, unlawful, and increasingly likely to be challenged.
- Reading the report without discussing it. Reports contain errors, and many judgments are taken by default without the person’s knowledge.
- Confusing financial difficulty with dishonesty. They are not the same, and a credit report is poor evidence of the second.
- Using the report as the decision rather than as one input. It belongs alongside references, criminal checks, qualification verification and the interview — not above them.
Have the conversation
If something adverse appears and the role genuinely warrants the check, raise it with the candidate before you decide.
Most people will explain readily — a business that closed in 2020, a medical bill, a co-signed loan for a family member who defaulted, an account they genuinely did not know had been handed over. Some will tell you it is an error, and sometimes they will be right.
What you learn from that conversation is usually worth more than the report itself. How someone accounts for a difficult period, whether they are straightforward about it, and what they have done since tells you a great deal about the person you are considering employing.
And that, ultimately, is what you were trying to find out.
Whether you’re job hunting right now or future-proofing your career, RESOURCE Recruitment is here to help. We’ve been connecting KZN job seekers with great employers since 2002 — browse our latest vacancies here











